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            <h1 style="display: none">npm包发布</h1>
            
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                    本文最后更新于：2022年10月7日 晚上
                  
                
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                <h1 id="1-npm-包发布"><a href="#1-npm-包发布" class="headerlink" title="1.npm 包发布"></a>1.npm 包发布</h1><ul>
<li>规范的 npm 模块目录</li>
<li>一个 node.js模块是基于 CommonJS 模块化规范实现的，严格按照 CommonJS 规范，模块目录下除了必须包含包描述文件 package.json 以外，还需要包含以下目录：<ul>
<li>bin：存放可执行二进制文件的目录</li>
<li>lib：存放js代码的目录</li>
<li>doc：存放文档的目录</li>
<li>test：存放单元测试用例代码的目录</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="1-1-发布流程"><a href="#1-1-发布流程" class="headerlink" title="1.1 发布流程"></a>1.1 发布流程</h1><ol>
<li>先去 npm 注册个账号，然后在命令行使用<figure class="highlight coffeescript"><i class="iconfont icon-top" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-qe5ballacl5vpe"></i><span>coffeescript</span><div class="collapse show" id="collapse-qe5ballacl5vpe"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs coffeescript"><span class="hljs-built_in">npm</span> adduser <span class="hljs-comment">#根据提示输入用户名密码即可</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure></li>
<li>使用命令发布你的包<blockquote>
<p>在推送之前，可以通过配置一个 .npmignore 文件来排除一些文件, 防止大量的垃圾文件推送到 npm, 规则上和你用的 .gitignore 是一样的。.gitignore 文件也可以充当 .npmignore 文件</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight coffeescript"><i class="iconfont icon-top" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-jh65culacl5vpe"></i><span>coffeescript</span><div class="collapse show" id="collapse-jh65culacl5vpe"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs coffeescript"><span class="hljs-built_in">npm</span> publish<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure></li>
<li>发布成功之后，你就可以像下载安装其他包一样使用你自己的开发工具了<figure class="highlight cmake"><i class="iconfont icon-top" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-yuqunilacl5vpe"></i><span>cmake</span><div class="collapse show" id="collapse-yuqunilacl5vpe"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs cmake">npm <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> ikkinpmstudy<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<h2 id="1-2-关于npm包的更新"><a href="#1-2-关于npm包的更新" class="headerlink" title="1.2 关于npm包的更新"></a>1.2 关于npm包的更新</h2></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>更新 npm 包也是使用 npm publish 命令发布，不过必须更改 npm 包的版本号，即 package.json 的 version 字段，否则会报错，同时我们应该遵 Semver(语义化版本号) 规范，npm 提供了 npm version 给我们升级版本<figure class="highlight jboss-cli"><i class="iconfont icon-top" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapse-nnd1tslacl5vpe"></i><span>jboss-cli</span><div class="collapse show" id="collapse-nnd1tslacl5vpe"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs jboss-cli"><span class="hljs-comment"># 升级补丁版本号</span><br>$ npm <span class="hljs-keyword">version</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">patch</span><br><br><span class="hljs-comment"># 升级小版本号</span><br>$ npm <span class="hljs-keyword">version</span> minor<br><br><span class="hljs-comment"># 升级大版本号</span><br>$ npm <span class="hljs-keyword">version</span> major<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<h2 id="1-3-本地开发的npm包调试"><a href="#1-3-本地开发的npm包调试" class="headerlink" title="1.3 本地开发的npm包调试"></a>1.3 本地开发的npm包调试</h2></li>
<li>在本地开发的模块包的时候，可以使用 npm link 调试，将模块链接到对应的运行项目中去，方便地对模块进行调试和测试。具体使用步骤如下:</li>
<li>假如我的项目是 ikkiNpmStudy，假如我的 npm 模块包名称是 npm-ikki</li>
<li>进入到 模块包 npm-ikki 目录中，执行 npm link</li>
<li>在自己的项目 ikkiNpmStudy 中创建连接执行 npm link npm-ikki</li>
<li>在自己项目的 node_module 中会看到链接过来的模块包，然后就可以像使用其他的模块包一样使用它了。</li>
<li>调试结束后可以使用 npm unlink 取消关联<blockquote>
<p>npm link 主要做了两件事：<br>1.为目标 npm 模块创建软链接，将其链接到全局 node 模块安装路径 /usr/local/lib/node_modules/。<br>2.为目标 npm 模块的可执行 bin 文件创建软链接，将其链接到全局 node 命令安装路径 /usr/local/bin/。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="2-npx出现-—-命令行开发方式"><a href="#2-npx出现-—-命令行开发方式" class="headerlink" title="2.npx出现  — 命令行开发方式"></a>2.npx出现  — 命令行开发方式</h1><ul>
<li>npm 从5.2版开始，增加了 npx 命令，react-native也在0.61版本文档中推荐使用npx来创建项目。</li>
<li>npx的作用：<ul>
<li>运行的时候，会到node_modules/.bin路径和环境变量$PATH里面，检查命令是否存在。</li>
<li>npx 还能避免全局安装的模块，npx 将包下载到一个临时目录，使用以后再删除。比如我们想启动一个web服务，只需在根目录下npx http-server。</li>
<li>可以指定某个版本的 Node 运行脚本。某些场景下，这个方法用来切换 Node 版本，要比 nvm 那样的版本管理器方便一些。</li>
<li>npx 还可以执行 GitHub 上面的模块源码</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="拓展-如何写好一个模块的-README-文件"><a href="#拓展-如何写好一个模块的-README-文件" class="headerlink" title="拓展: 如何写好一个模块的 README 文件"></a>拓展: 如何写好一个模块的 README 文件</h1><blockquote>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.zhihu.com/question/29100816">https://www.zhihu.com/question/29100816</a></p>
</blockquote>

                
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